Location: eastbound exit slip at junction J53 Ipswich North.
Due to: Congestion.
Normal traffic conditions are expected between 18:45 and 19:00 on 18 September 2025.
Nearest town: 9.33 miles from Debenham.

Location: westbound exit slip at junction J55 Copdock.
Due to: Congestion.
Normal traffic conditions are expected between 17:45 and 18:00 on 18 September 2025.
Delay : There are currently delays of 10 minutes against expected traffic.
Nearest town: 13.09 miles from Debenham.

Location: westbound exit slip at junction J55 Copdock.
Due to: Congestion.
Normal traffic conditions are expected between 17:15 and 17:30 on 18 September 2025.
Delay : There are currently delays of 10 minutes against expected traffic.
Nearest town: 13.09 miles from Debenham.

Location: westbound exit slip at junction J55 Copdock.
Due to: Congestion.
Normal traffic conditions are expected between 17:00 and 17:15 on 18 September 2025.
Delay : There are currently delays of 10 minutes against expected traffic.
Nearest town: 13.09 miles from Debenham.

Location: northbound between junctions J32B and J33 .
Due to: Congestion.
Normal traffic conditions are expected between 17:00 and 17:15 on 18 September 2025.
Delay : There are currently delays of 10 minutes against expected traffic.
Nearest town: 13.82 miles from Debenham.

Location: westbound exit slip at junction J55 Copdock.
Due to: Roadworks.
Period : from 20:58 on 18 September 2025 to 05:30 on 19 September 2025.
Lanes Closed : All lanes are closed.
Nearest town: 13.06 miles from Debenham.

Location: southbound between junctions J33 and J29 .
Due to: Roadworks.
Period : from 20:59 on 18 September 2025 to 05:30 on 19 September 2025.
Lanes Closed : All lanes are closed.
Nearest town: 13.06 miles from Debenham.

Location: westbound between junctions J49 Stowmarket West and J45 .
Due to: Roadworks scheme.
Period : from 20:14 on 15 September 2025 to 06:00 on 28 February 2026.
Nearest town: 8.9 miles from Debenham.

Location: southbound between junctions J33 and J29 .
Due to: Roadworks scheme.
Period : from 21:00 on 17 September 2025 to 05:00 on 15 November 2025.
Nearest town: 14.78 miles from Debenham.

Location: southbound between junctions J31 and J30 .
Lane Closures : Lane one is closed.
Due to: Roadside Equipment Maintenance.
Period : expect disruption until 06:00 on 9 October 2025.
Lanes Closed : There is one of two lanes closed.
Nearest town: 17.5 miles from Debenham.

Location: westbound exit slip at junction J51 Needham Market.
Due to: Horticultural works.
Period : expect disruption until 23:00 on 18 September 2025.
Lanes Closed : All lanes are closed.
Nearest town: 6.67 miles from Debenham.

Location: westbound entry slip at junction J51 Needham Market.
Due to: Horticultural works are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 23:00 on 18 September 2025 to 01:00 on 19 September 2025.
Lanes Closed : All lanes will be closed.
Nearest town: 6.57 miles from Debenham.

Location: westbound between junctions J62 Dockgate Roundabout and J60 Dockspur Roundabout.
Lane Closures : Lane one will be closed.
Due to: Horticultural works are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 21:00 on 24 September 2025 to 05:00 on 25 September 2025.
Lanes Closed : There will be one of two lanes closed.
Nearest town: 17.71 miles from Debenham.

Location: westbound between junctions J60 Dockspur Roundabout and J59 Trimley St Martin.
Lane Closures : Lane one will be closed.
Due to: Horticultural works are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 21:00 on 24 September 2025 to 05:00 on 25 September 2025.
Lanes Closed : There will be one of two lanes closed.
Nearest town: 17.61 miles from Debenham.

Location: eastbound between junctions J55 Copdock and J57 Ipswich East.
Lane Closures : Lane one will be closed.
Due to: Roadside equipment maintenance is planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 20:00 on 24 September 2025 to 06:00 on 25 September 2025.
Lanes Closed : There will be one of two lanes closed.
Nearest town: 13.34 miles from Debenham.

Location: westbound between junctions J43 Bury St Edmunds Central and J42 Bury St Edmunds West.
Lane Closures : Lane one will be closed.
Due to: Horticultural works are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 24 September 2025 to 27 September 2025.
Lanes Closed : There will be one of two lanes closed.
Nearest town: 19.75 miles from Debenham.

Location: northbound between junctions J32B and J33 .
Lane Closures : Lane two is closed.
Due to: Roadworks.
Period : expect disruption until 05:00 on 19 September 2025.
Lanes Closed : There is one of two lanes closed.
Nearest town: 14.93 miles from Debenham.

Location: southbound entry slip at junction J32B .
Due to: Roadworks.
Period : expect disruption until 05:00 on 19 September 2025.
Lanes Closed : All lanes are closed.
Nearest town: 14.78 miles from Debenham.

Location: southbound entry slip at junction J32A .
Due to: Roadworks.
Period : expect disruption until 05:00 on 19 September 2025.
Lanes Closed : All lanes are closed.
Nearest town: 15.74 miles from Debenham.

Location: southbound between junctions J33 and J32B .
Due to: Roadworks.
Period : expect disruption until 05:00 on 19 September 2025.
Lanes Closed : All lanes are closed.
Nearest town: 13.04 miles from Debenham.

Location: southbound between junctions J32A and J29 .
Due to: Roadworks.
Period : expect disruption until 05:00 on 19 September 2025.
Lanes Closed : All lanes are closed.
Nearest town: 15.26 miles from Debenham.

Location: westbound between junctions J59 Trimley St Martin and J58 Bucklesham.
Lane Closures : Lane two will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 20:00 on 22 September 2025 to 05:00 on 23 September 2025.
Lanes Closed : There will be one of two lanes closed.
Nearest town: 15.37 miles from Debenham.

Location: eastbound between junctions J58 Bucklesham and J59 Trimley St Martin.
Lane Closures : Lane two will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 20:00 on 22 September 2025 to 05:00 on 23 September 2025.
Lanes Closed : There will be one of two lanes closed.
Nearest town: 14.4 miles from Debenham.

Location: eastbound between junctions J51 Needham Market and J52 Claydon.
Lane Closures : Lane one will be closed.
Due to: Roadside equipment maintenance is planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 20:00 on 22 September 2025 to 06:00 on 23 September 2025.
Lanes Closed : There will be one of two lanes closed.
Nearest town: 6.99 miles from Debenham.

Location: eastbound between junctions J46 and J47 Elmswell.
Lane Closures : Lane one will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 2 March 2026 to 7 March 2026.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 9 March 2026 to 14 March 2026.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 16 March 2026 to 21 March 2026.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 23 March 2026 to 28 March 2026.
Lanes Closed : There will be one of two lanes closed.
Nearest town: 12.8 miles from Debenham.

Location: eastbound.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 2 March 2026 to 7 March 2026.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 9 March 2026 to 14 March 2026.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 16 March 2026 to 21 March 2026.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 23 March 2026 to 28 March 2026.
Lanes Closed : All lanes will be closed.
Nearest town: 11.94 miles from Debenham.

Location: eastbound.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 26 January 2026 to 31 January 2026.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 2 February 2026 to 7 February 2026.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 9 February 2026 to 14 February 2026.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 16 February 2026 to 21 February 2026.
Lanes Closed : All lanes will be closed.
Nearest town: 7.19 miles from Debenham.

Location: eastbound entry slip at junction J49 Stowmarket West.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 2 March 2026 to 7 March 2026.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 9 March 2026 to 14 March 2026.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 16 March 2026 to 21 March 2026.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 23 March 2026 to 28 March 2026.
Lanes Closed : All lanes will be closed.
Nearest town: 8.81 miles from Debenham.

Location: eastbound exit slip at junction J49 Stowmarket West.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 2 March 2026 to 7 March 2026.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 9 March 2026 to 14 March 2026.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 16 March 2026 to 21 March 2026.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 23 March 2026 to 28 March 2026.
Lanes Closed : All lanes will be closed.
Nearest town: 9.02 miles from Debenham.

Location: westbound exit slip at junction J49 Stowmarket West.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 26 January 2026 to 31 January 2026.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 2 February 2026 to 7 February 2026.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 9 February 2026 to 14 February 2026.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 16 February 2026 to 21 February 2026.
Lanes Closed : All lanes will be closed.
Nearest town: 8.69 miles from Debenham.

Location: westbound between junctions J50 Stowmarket East and J49 Stowmarket West.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 26 January 2026 to 31 January 2026.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 2 February 2026 to 7 February 2026.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 9 February 2026 to 14 February 2026.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 16 February 2026 to 21 February 2026.
Lanes Closed : All lanes will be closed.
Nearest town: 7.12 miles from Debenham.

Location: westbound between junctions J49 Stowmarket West and J45 .
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 26 January 2026 to 31 January 2026.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 2 February 2026 to 7 February 2026.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 9 February 2026 to 14 February 2026.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 16 February 2026 to 21 February 2026.
Lanes Closed : All lanes will be closed.
Nearest town: 8.9 miles from Debenham.

Location: eastbound between junctions J47 Elmswell and J51 Needham Market.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 2 March 2026 to 7 March 2026.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 9 March 2026 to 14 March 2026.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 16 March 2026 to 21 March 2026.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 23 March 2026 to 28 March 2026.
Lanes Closed : All lanes will be closed.
Nearest town: 12.26 miles from Debenham.

Location: westbound exit slip at junction J51 Needham Market.
Due to: Roadworks.
Period : expect disruption until 06:00 on 19 September 2025.
Lanes Closed : All lanes are closed.
Nearest town: 6.67 miles from Debenham.

Location: eastbound exit slip at junction J51 Needham Market.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 2 March 2026 to 7 March 2026.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 9 March 2026 to 14 March 2026.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 16 March 2026 to 21 March 2026.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 23 March 2026 to 28 March 2026.
Lanes Closed : All lanes will be closed.
Nearest town: 6.51 miles from Debenham.

Location: westbound entry slip at junction J51 Needham Market.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 26 January 2026 to 31 January 2026.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 2 February 2026 to 7 February 2026.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 9 February 2026 to 14 February 2026.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 16 February 2026 to 21 February 2026.
Lanes Closed : All lanes will be closed.
Nearest town: 6.57 miles from Debenham.

Location: westbound entry slip at junction J51 Needham Market.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 20 October 2025 to 25 October 2025.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 27 October 2025 to 1 November 2025.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 3 November 2025 to 8 November 2025.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 10 November 2025 to 15 November 2025.
Lanes Closed : All lanes will be closed.
Nearest town: 6.57 miles from Debenham.

Location: westbound between junctions J52 Claydon and J51 Needham Market.
Lane Closures : Lane one will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 20 October 2025 to 25 October 2025.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 27 October 2025 to 1 November 2025.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 3 November 2025 to 8 November 2025.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 10 November 2025 to 15 November 2025.
Lanes Closed : There will be one of two lanes closed.
Nearest town: 6.99 miles from Debenham.

Location: westbound between junctions J52 Claydon and J51 Needham Market.
Due to: Roadworks.
Period : expect disruption until 06:00 on 19 September 2025.
Lanes Closed : All lanes are closed.
Nearest town: 8.65 miles from Debenham.

Location: westbound entry slip at junction J52 Claydon.
Due to: Roadworks.
Period : expect disruption until 06:00 on 19 September 2025.
Lanes Closed : All lanes are closed.
Nearest town: 8.46 miles from Debenham.

Location: westbound between junctions J53 Ipswich North and J52 Claydon.
Lane Closures : Lane one is closed.
Due to: Roadworks.
Period : expect disruption until 06:00 on 19 September 2025.
Lanes Closed : There is one of two lanes closed.
Nearest town: 8.92 miles from Debenham.

Location: eastbound between junctions J47 Elmswell and J50 Stowmarket East.
Due to: Roadworks scheme is planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 20:00 on 26 January 2026 to 06:00 on 30 May 2026.
Nearest town: 12.26 miles from Debenham.

Location: eastbound exit slip at junction J50 Stowmarket East.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 2 March 2026 to 7 March 2026.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 9 March 2026 to 14 March 2026.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 16 March 2026 to 21 March 2026.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 23 March 2026 to 28 March 2026.
Lanes Closed : All lanes will be closed.
Nearest town: 7.2 miles from Debenham.

Location: eastbound at junction J47 Elmswell.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 2 March 2026 to 7 March 2026.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 9 March 2026 to 14 March 2026.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 16 March 2026 to 21 March 2026.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 23 March 2026 to 28 March 2026.
Lanes Closed : All lanes will be closed.
Nearest town: 12.32 miles from Debenham.

Location: eastbound entry slip at junction J50 Stowmarket East.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 2 March 2026 to 7 March 2026.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 9 March 2026 to 14 March 2026.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 16 March 2026 to 21 March 2026.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 23 March 2026 to 28 March 2026.
Lanes Closed : All lanes will be closed.
Nearest town: 7.03 miles from Debenham.

Location: westbound between junctions J51 Needham Market and J50 Stowmarket East.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 26 January 2026 to 31 January 2026.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 2 February 2026 to 7 February 2026.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 9 February 2026 to 14 February 2026.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 16 February 2026 to 21 February 2026.
Lanes Closed : All lanes will be closed.
Nearest town: 6.67 miles from Debenham.

Location: westbound exit slip at junction J50 Stowmarket East.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 26 January 2026 to 31 January 2026.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 2 February 2026 to 7 February 2026.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 9 February 2026 to 14 February 2026.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 16 February 2026 to 21 February 2026.
Lanes Closed : All lanes will be closed.
Nearest town: 6.89 miles from Debenham.

Location: westbound between junctions J51 Needham Market and J50 Stowmarket East.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 20 October 2025 to 25 October 2025.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 27 October 2025 to 1 November 2025.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 3 November 2025 to 8 November 2025.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 10 November 2025 to 15 November 2025.
Lanes Closed : All lanes will be closed.
Nearest town: 6.67 miles from Debenham.

Location: westbound exit slip at junction J50 Stowmarket East.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 20 October 2025 to 25 October 2025.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 27 October 2025 to 1 November 2025.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 3 November 2025 to 8 November 2025.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 10 November 2025 to 15 November 2025.
Lanes Closed : All lanes will be closed.
Nearest town: 6.89 miles from Debenham.

Location: westbound entry slip at junction J47 Elmswell.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 26 January 2026 to 31 January 2026.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 2 February 2026 to 7 February 2026.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 9 February 2026 to 14 February 2026.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 16 February 2026 to 21 February 2026.
Lanes Closed : All lanes will be closed.
Nearest town: 12.37 miles from Debenham.

Location: westbound exit slip at junction J47 Elmswell.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 26 January 2026 to 31 January 2026.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 2 February 2026 to 7 February 2026.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 9 February 2026 to 14 February 2026.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 16 February 2026 to 21 February 2026.
Lanes Closed : All lanes will be closed.
Nearest town: 12.26 miles from Debenham.

Location: westbound exit slip at junction J45 .
Due to: Horticultural works are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 23:00 on 22 September 2025 to 01:00 on 23 September 2025.
Lanes Closed : All lanes will be closed.
Nearest town: 17.15 miles from Debenham.

Location: westbound entry slip at junction J45 .
Due to: Horticultural works are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 01:00 on 23 September 2025 to 03:00 on 23 September 2025.
Lanes Closed : All lanes will be closed.
Nearest town: 17.18 miles from Debenham.

Location: eastbound.
Due to: Horticultural works are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 03:00 on 19 September 2025 to 05:00 on 19 September 2025.
Lanes Closed : All lanes will be closed.
Nearest town: 7.19 miles from Debenham.

Location: westbound entry slip at junction J49 Stowmarket West.
Due to: Horticultural works are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 23:00 on 19 September 2025 to 01:00 on 20 September 2025.
Lanes Closed : All lanes will be closed.
Nearest town: 8.9 miles from Debenham.

Location: westbound exit slip at junction J49 Stowmarket West.
Due to: Horticultural works are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 21:00 on 19 September 2025 to 23:00 on 19 September 2025.
Lanes Closed : All lanes will be closed.
Nearest town: 8.69 miles from Debenham.

Location: westbound entry slip at junction J50 Stowmarket East.
Due to: Horticultural works are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 03:00 on 19 September 2025 to 05:00 on 19 September 2025.
Lanes Closed : All lanes will be closed.
Nearest town: 7.12 miles from Debenham.

Location: westbound exit slip at junction J50 Stowmarket East.
Due to: Horticultural works are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 01:00 on 19 September 2025 to 03:00 on 19 September 2025.
Lanes Closed : All lanes will be closed.
Nearest town: 6.89 miles from Debenham.

Location: westbound entry slip at junction J47 Elmswell.
Due to: Horticultural works are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 03:00 on 20 September 2025 to 05:00 on 20 September 2025.
Lanes Closed : All lanes will be closed.
Nearest town: 12.37 miles from Debenham.

Location: westbound exit slip at junction J47 Elmswell.
Due to: Horticultural works are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 01:00 on 20 September 2025 to 03:00 on 20 September 2025.
Lanes Closed : All lanes will be closed.
Nearest town: 12.26 miles from Debenham.
